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What You Should Know About Your Hair

People have always been obsessed with their hair and hairstyle.  Proof of that are the many hair products and hair product commercials flooding the print, radio and television media.  Our hair is also a form of protection for our head from injuries and extreme heat or cold.  Our hair is often referred to as our crowning glory so taking care of it is very important in order for it to look healthy and shiny—and our diet plays a major role in the nourishment of our hair.

 Hair grows only on mammals.  Although if you look at it closely, insects also have hair-like strands that seem to resemble hair, they are not scientifically considered as such.  There are different kinds of hair and the variations in color, shape, length and strength are different from person to person.  But the structure of each strand is fairly identical.  On the average, each person as around 100,000 head hairs and we lose about 50 to 100 hair strands a day. The part of the head where our hair grows is called the scalp.  This article will focus mainly on hair growing on the scalp and we will not be discussing hair growth on other parts of our body.

To put it plainly, hair is a protein called keratin which grows from the hair follicle.  The hair follicle determines whether a person will have straight or curly hair.  If the hair follicle has a shape that is round or oval, then the hair will either be straight or wavy.  If it is elliptically shaped, then the hair will be curly.  Although there are blondes, redheads and brown-black hair, they are all colored by a pigment called melanin.  Our hair contains the following elements:  carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur.  They are all needed to make the amino acids, keratin, protein and melanin.

Each hair strand is made up of three layers and each layer has its own unique purpose.  The outermost part of the hair is called the cuticle.  Viewed from a microscope, the cuticle is an overlapping, transparent, scale-like layer whose sole purpose is to protect the second layer. But wait, aren’t nails called cuticles also?  Exactly!  Nails and hair cuticles have exactly the same composition.  Nails are just compacted cells while hairs are in strands.

The second layer contains the melanin pigment and is called the cortex.  These elongated protein fibers are tightly bonded together and are responsible for the strength and color of our hair.  It accounts for 90% of the hair’s weight!  Chemical changes take place in this area when you change hair color, curl or relax your hair.  If the cortex is too dry, your hair will become brittle and split ends will occur.

The last and innermost layer of hair is called the medulla.  This is the pith or the marrow of each strand and is connected to the root in the follicle.  Scientists have yet to determine the specific purpose of the medulla and it is interesting to note that blondes lack this innermost layer.